Ivan ramen noodles - Jul 22, 2014 · Before Ivan Orkin opened the Tokyo restaurant that would launch him to the upper echelon of ramen chefs in Japan, he researched noodles. After all, he figured, noodles are as important to ramen as ...

 
Orkin in cooking school. Chef’s Table. Orkin’s early life, in brief: He grew up on Long Island, the son of a very successful lawyer father and artist …. Throttle

About Ivan Ramen. The end-all-be-all guide to ramen as told by the iconoclastic New Yorker whose unlikely life story led him to open Tokyo’s top ramen shop—featuring 44 recipes!“What Ivan Orkin does not know about noodles is not worth knowing.”—Anthony Bourdain While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like ...While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen. Ivan Ramen chronicles Orkin's journey from dyed-in-the-wool New Yorker to the chef and owner of one of Japan's most-loved ramen restaurants, Ivan Ramen.Ezogiku Noodle Cafe. The Japanese ramen shop where Sun Noodle got their start in Hawaii in the '70s. [ Photo] Open in Google Maps. 2201 Kalakaua Ave, Unit B6, Honolulu, HI 96815. (808) 447-7595 ...The end-all-be-all guide to ramen featuring more than 40 recipes from Ivan Orkin, the iconoclastic New York-born owner of Tokyo's top ramen shop. While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen. Over 130 ramen recipes covering classic broths – tonkotsu (pork bone), shoyu (soy sauce), shio (salt), miso – and more, plus side dishes. An easy-to-follow six-step process for making ramen: Broth/soup, tare (sauce), oils and fat, noodles, toppings and the bowl. Discover Japan’s diverse regional ramen flavours and learn how to make them. Ivan Orkin's ramen shops are renowned for thick, juicy slices of succulent pork chashu on top of bowls of ramen noodles. Chashu is Chinese-style, soy-and-sugar-seasoned pork. This pork chashu recipe from Ivan Ramen, his new cookbook, is seventh of a total eight components in his signature shio ramen noodle dish. …Ramen noodles may seem simple at first blush, but from Tokyo style ramen noodles to Hakata style ramen noodles, ... Maze-men, or "mixed noodles," is a specialty of Tokyo's Ivan Ramen. Similar to abura soba, it's cooked noodles served with a small amount of strongly flavored sauce, ..."Ivan Ramen is a wonderful glimpse into the delicious, inspiring world of Ivan Orkin." —Danny Bowien, James Beard Award–winning chef of Mission Chinese Food "We are all fortunate that a young Ivan Orkin, growing up in 1970s suburban Long Island, fell in love with Japanese food. If he hadn’t, the world would never know Ivan’s amazing ramen, …The tiny Ginza Ramen Sushi and Sake Bar (280 Elgin St., ginzarestaurant.ca) got into the ramen business early in Ottawa with Koichi Paxton in the kitchen and continue to dole out bowls, along with ...The factory cost about €3.5 million ($3.8 million) to build and will produce about 4 million portions of ramen for customers from London to Warsaw by the end of the year, says Kenshiro Uki ...To us, eating ramen in Japan is the ultimate ramen experience. 6,800 miles is a bit far to go for a bowl of soup, even for us. Thankfully, Ivan Ramen has brought some Japanese ramen magic to the New York food scene. Ivan Ramen has multiple locations. We prefer the location at 25 Clinton Street, New York, NY 10002, United States. Over 130 ramen recipes covering classic broths – tonkotsu (pork bone), shoyu (soy sauce), shio (salt), miso – and more, plus side dishes. An easy-to-follow six-step process for making ramen: Broth/soup, tare (sauce), oils and fat, noodles, toppings and the bowl. Discover Japan’s diverse regional ramen flavours and learn how to make them. Feb 11, 2021 · Shortly after that second move, Orkin opened the first location of Ivan Ramen in Tokyo, an intimate, 10-seat noodle shop in 2007 that “proved an immediate hit.” He followed up with a second ... Two standouts are the eggplant in tahini that’s crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, and a side of cauliflower that’s hidden in a snowfall of bonito flakes and …Tonchin is my go to ramen place. Tonchin probably has my favorite broth. I live in Manhattan so I stay local for my ramen. Totto Ramen (I prefer the Hell's Kitchen location), Ippudo, E.A.K., Kogane, Tonchin, Teppen, Marufuku, and others are all regulars on my hit parade.Daiichi Ramen - Kahala is a family-owned and operated ramen restaurant located in Honolulu, HI, committed to changing the way people eat noodles.Our business model is to provide excellent quality food at an affordable price. Whether you're seeking a familiar favorite or are feeling adventurous, our goal is to expand our …Step 2: Bake the Vegetables. While the broth is cooking, take the remaining two sliced mushrooms, the sliced tomatoes and sliced broccoli and place them on a baking sheet. Drizzle with olive oil and bake at 450 degrees Fahrenheit for 10-15 min until veggies are slightly charred. Step 3: Make the Hard Boiled Eggs.Orkin in the TV series Chef’s Table. Photograph: Geoff Johnson/Netflix. Noodles. This article is more than 1 year old. Interview. From fast food to fine art: …Ivan Ramen also offers an impressive array of beverages to complete the dining experience. In addition to a standard wine and draft beer list, the selection of sake is unmatched. Ranging in price ...To make it his way, do the following: Poke a hole in the bottom of an egg with a pin; slowly lower it into a pot of boiling water; cook it for exactly six minutes and 10 seconds; put the egg in an ...Ivan Ramen, the brainchild of Ivan Orkin, Long Island-born Japanophile who opened his first noodle shops in Tokyo, hits all the right notes when it comes …Day 2- Ivan Ramen,clinton street, New York - 2/7/2022. Chef Ivan Orkin is the chef/owner of Ivan Ramen. Orkin, a self-described “Jewish kid from Long Island,” is not Japanese. (He’s a “Japonophile,” as he put it in an interview with Bon Appétit from 2015, who moved to Japan after graduating from college in 1985 and then again to ...Method. In a large pot of boiling water, cook ramen according to package, about 3-4 minutes; drain well. In a small bowl, whisk together soy sauce, oyster sauce, rice vinegar, brown sugar, chili sauce and water. Heat sesame oil in a large skillet set over medium heat. Stir in garlic and ginger until fragrant, about 1 minute.With a dedicated following at his two Tokyo locations, Orkin returned to New York City to open his first restaurant on the Lower East Side, with the intent of bringing the same authentic and highly imaginative noodle-craft to his hometown. Ivan Ramen proudly uses only the freshest ingredients, cooked slow and steady.Tan Tan Ramen. Relatively thin, yellow, wavy noodles in a broth flavored with sesame, soy sauce, miso, garlic, ginger, clams, fish, and chilies. The broth comes out rich and cloudy with plenty of heat. I garnished my bowl with some soft boiled eggs, sliced scallions, and ground pork that I seasoned with soy sauce and chili oil before piling it ... Then you've got Ivan's toasted rye noodles, which are his own recipe. The noodle itself is part udon, part bread, part rye and they've got a slightly darker complexion than most ramen noodles. They're chewy and excellent. The shio ramen is essentially a basic salt ramen, with soft pork belly and an egg if you so desire. Best Ramen in New York City, New York: Find 17,819 Tripadvisor traveller reviews of THE BEST Ramen and search by price, location, and more. ... Ivan Ramen. 491 reviews Closed Today. Japanese, Asian $$ - $$$ The Ramen is distinctive. Eating with a group will allow you to sample several... The locals know! Reserve. 7. Momofuku Noodle Bar. 1,489 ...First Impressions of Ivan Ramen at Gotham West Market. by Robert Sietsema Nov 22, 2013, 10:20am EST. All Photos by Robert Sietsema. Gotham West Market is an ambitious and relatively expensive food ...Jul 22, 2014 · Before Ivan Orkin opened the Tokyo restaurant that would launch him to the upper echelon of ramen chefs in Japan, he researched noodles. After all, he figured, noodles are as important to ramen as ... Then you've got Ivan's toasted rye noodles, which are his own recipe. The noodle itself is part udon, part bread, part rye and they've got a slightly darker complexion than most ramen noodles. They're chewy and excellent. The shio ramen is essentially a basic salt ramen, with soft pork belly and an egg if you so desire.Ivan Ramen, 25 Clinton St, New York, NY 10002, Mon - 12:00 pm - 9:00 pm, Tue - 12:00 pm - 9:00 pm, Wed - 12:00 pm - 9:00 pm, Thu - 12:00 pm - 9:00 pm, Fri - 12:00 pm ...The end-all-be-all guide to ramen as told by the iconoclastic New Yorker whose unlikely life story led him to open Tokyo’s top ramen shop—featuring 44 recipes!“What Ivan Orkin does not know about noodles is not worth knowing.”—Anthony Bourdain While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like …"Ivan Ramen is a wonderful glimpse into the delicious, inspiring world of Ivan Orkin." —Danny Bowien, James Beard Award–winning chef of Mission Chinese Food "We are all fortunate that a young Ivan Orkin, growing up in 1970s suburban Long Island, fell in love with Japanese food. If he hadn’t, the world would never know Ivan’s amazing ramen, one of the most powerfully …Its clients include Momofuku, Ivan Ramen, Momosan by Morimoto, Mission Chinese, Ramen San in Chicago by the Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises, Tatsuya from Texas and Ramen Hood by Ilam in Los Angeles.A post shared by Ivan Orkin (@ramenjunkie) on Apr 13, 2017 at 7:18am PDT. He opened his first New York noodle shop, Ivan Ramen Slurp Shop, in the Gotham West food market in Hell’s Kitchen, and his flagship restaurant, Ivan Ramen, in the Lower East Side soon after.The end-all-be-all guide to ramen featuring more than 40 recipes from Ivan Orkin, the iconoclastic New York-born owner of Tokyo's top ramen shop. While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen."This bacon boom. What the f--- is with this farm-fresh, leathery, overly smoky s---? Diner bacon is pretty good, you know?" he jokes, cracking up. Later, …I 2007 gjorde Ivan Orkin, en midaldrende jødisk fyr fra Long Island, noget skørt. I Tokyos madivrige Ramen mekka, åbnede Ivan en ramen-butik. Han var en gaijin (udlænding), der forsøgte at skabe sig et navn, et sted, der er voldsomt meningsfuldt om ramen.5.9K. 644K views 8 years ago. If you're dropping big chunks of noodles back into your bowl, you're doing it wrong. Here's how to eat ramen …Mar 30, 2017 · Cut the eggs in half. Heat the broth and whisk the tare into it. Cook the noodles according to packet instructions. When the broth is steaming, divide the noodles between bowls and pour over the ... Fry up some onions, garlic, ginger and tofu mince and season with soy sauce, curry powder (or roux blocks) and chili oil. Chili oil sauce: In a bowl mix together Japanese sukiyaki sauce (or mushroom soy sauce), mushroom stir fry sauce, mushroom stock powder, rice vinegar doubanjiang and chili oil. Toss in …Ramen expert Ivan Orkin’s inventive Lower East Side ramen restaurant ladles out several variations of the Japanese noodle soup, including salty shio and soy-based shoyu with well-textured rye ...Ivan Ramen, the brainchild of Ivan Orkin, Long Island-born Japanophile who opened his first noodle shops in Tokyo, hits all the right notes when it comes …The end-all-be-all guide to ramen as told by the iconoclastic New Yorker whose unlikely life story led him to open Tokyo’s top ramen shop—featuring 44 recipes!“What Ivan Orkin does not know about noodles is not worth knowing.”—Anthony Bourdain While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like …Make the ramen broth: heat up the sesame oil in a dutch oven or pot over medium heat. Add in garlic, ginger and sautée briefly until it just starts to brown. Add in the tamari, vinegar and fish sauce and simmer for a minute or so. Add the …May 19, 2016 · Ivan Ramen's Ivan Orkin shows us how he makes ramen noodles from scratch. Enjoy this next installment of Taste Memories.Check out our website: http://www.mi... After running two successful ramen shops in Tokyo, Orkin brought his noodles home stateside, and we are forever thankful. Besides great noodles, the whole Ivan Ramen space has a good vibe with hip beats and the feel of a modern diner meets pop-culture infused izakaya. The bar stool area facing the kitchen is an excellent …Feb 17, 2017 · Ivan Orkin, the brash, white, Jewish guy from New York who made his name as one of the best ramen makers on the planet has an unorthodox story and, thus, an unorthodox Chef’s Table episode. That ... Ivan Ramen Cookbook. $30.00. Continue Shopping. Checkout. With a dedicated following at his two Tokyo locations, Orkin returned to New York City to open his first restaurant on the Lower East Side, with the intent of bringing the same authentic and highly imaginative noodle-craft to his hometown. Ivan Ramen proudly uses only …Ivan Orkin shares his recipe for toasted rye noodles from his cookbook Ivan Ramen. It looks like there's an issue with JavaScript in your browser. For a better experience, we recommend that you ... Delivery & Pickup Options - 1467 reviews of Ivan Ramen "Finally, a ramen noodle shop on Clinton. But to call Ivan's a ramen shop is doing it a huge injustice. Neglectful, even. The diversity of the menu offers up such things as fried tofu (more on this later), daikin radish salad, pork meatballs, thousand year old deviled eggs, and deep fried ... Ivan Ramen proudly uses only the freshest ingredients, cooked slow and steady. With a dedicated following at his two Tokyo locations, Orkin returned to New York City to open his first restaurant on the Lower East Side, with the intent of bringing the same authentic and highly imaginative noodle-craft to his hometown. Jan 10, 2023 · Ivan Ramen also offers an impressive array of beverages to complete the dining experience. In addition to a standard wine and draft beer list, the selection of sake is unmatched. Ranging in price ... Put the tossed noodles in a serving bowl. Put the 1 slice of tomato on top. Put the roasted tomato halves from the air fryer on top of the sliced tomato. Cut your iceberg lettuce in quarters and add 1/4 of the iceberg lettuce into the bowl. Add fried bacon pieces to the bowl. Drizzle the remaining 1/4 of the mayo-tare mixture over the top.The factory cost about €3.5 million ($3.8 million) to build and will produce about 4 million portions of ramen for customers from London to Warsaw by the end of the year, says Kenshiro Uki ...Oct 29, 2013 · While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen. Ivan Ramen chronicles Orkin's journey from dyed-in-the-wool New Yorker to the chef and owner of one of Japan's most-loved ramen restaurants, Ivan Ramen. Its chicken noodle soup comes dressed with shredded chicken, strands of eggs, and zucchini slices. It’s then paired with a bright, freshly made kimchi that’s cut tableside. Open in Google Maps ...Oct 29, 2013 · While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen. Ivan Ramen chronicles Orkin's journey from dyed-in-the-wool New Yorker to the chef and owner of one of Japan's most-loved ramen restaurants, Ivan Ramen. The end-all-be-all guide to ramen as told by the iconoclastic New Yorker whose unlikely life story led him to open Tokyo’s top ramen shop—featuring 44 recipes!“What Ivan Orkin does not know about noodles is not worth knowing.”—Anthony Bourdain While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like …Book now at Ivan Ramen in New York, NY. Explore menu, see photos and read 3117 reviews: "Espectacular! Sabores increibles, buena cantidad, super cordiales, sin duda volveremos.". ... The ramen was rich, the noodles were nice and al dente. Would highly recommend! Ivan Ramen Responded on 26 February …Ivan Ramen Slurp Shop is located within the brand-new Gotham West Market in Hell's Kitchen. A gourmet food court of sorts, the Gotham West Market opened back in December and contains eight food purveyors serving up a myriad of different foods. To avoid the lines (like we did in the above photo), go during an off-peak eating time. Ivan Orkin shares his recipe for toasted rye noodles from his cookbook Ivan Ramen. It looks like there's an issue with JavaScript in your browser. For a better experience, we recommend that you ... In honor of National Noodle Day (Oct. 6), Sun Noodle is showcasing Ivan Orkin’s “Ramen Lab at Home” ramen kit and beginning Oct. 2, the first 200 customers to order Ivan’s ramen kit, will ...Jun 28, 2017 · Ivan Orkin hates them. There's an intense quiet, a tension. Orkin, one of the true pioneers of ramen, is serving his course. He stands awkwardly, forced to work at an ad hoc plating station ... Yes. Just make sure you dust them thoroughly so they don't stick together when you thaw them. Yes, ramen noodles are raw and made fresh, and can last up to 2 weeks in the refrigerator. Feel free to keep it in your freezer for up to 1 year. When you are ready, defrost the ramen noodles. I freeze them, and don't notice any deterioration in quality.Sep 28, 2012 · Ivan Ramen. 25 Clinton Street, Manhattan, NY 10002 (646) 678-3859 Visit Website. "I'm a Jewish guy from New York with a Woody Allen complex" was one of the first things Ivan Orkin muttered as he ... A post shared by Ivan Orkin (@ramenjunkie) on Apr 13, 2017 at 7:18am PDT. He opened his first New York noodle shop, Ivan Ramen Slurp Shop, in the Gotham West food market in Hell’s Kitchen, and his flagship restaurant, Ivan Ramen, in the Lower East Side soon after.Add the noodles, almonds, and sesame seeds to the melted butter in the skillet. Saute while stirring frequently, until the noodle mixture is golden brown. Remove to a plate and let cool. Shred the cabbage and combine the cabbage and onions in a large mixing bowl. Add the noodle mixture. Pour the dressing over the …Its clients include Momofuku, Ivan Ramen, Momosan by Morimoto, Mission Chinese, Ramen San in Chicago by the Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises, Tatsuya from Texas and Ramen Hood by Ilam in Los Angeles.The noodles that came with the Ivan Ramen pack were rye noodles (essentially tasted like a lighter buckwheat). Since we took pictures after we put the ramen together, we over cooked the noodles from sitting in the broth. Whoops! Later, we cooked the kaedama noodles following the instructions but they were a …In just a couple of sentences, Ivan was able to summarize what ramen means to so many people. Essentially it is just a soup noodle dish. Ramen is a soup dish with noodles, stock, and flavoring sauce. The noodles in ramen are particularly unique because they are made from wheat flour, water, salt, and kansui, which is … Ivan Ramen proudly uses only the freshest ingredients, cooked slow and steady. With a dedicated following at his two Tokyo locations, Orkin returned to New York City to open his first restaurant on the Lower East Side, with the intent of bringing the same authentic and highly imaginative noodle-craft to his hometown. Mar 30, 2017 · Cut the eggs in half. Heat the broth and whisk the tare into it. Cook the noodles according to packet instructions. When the broth is steaming, divide the noodles between bowls and pour over the ... Feb 11, 2021 · Shortly after that second move, Orkin opened the first location of Ivan Ramen in Tokyo, an intimate, 10-seat noodle shop in 2007 that “proved an immediate hit.” He followed up with a second ... If you're dropping big chunks of noodles back into your bowl, you're doing it wrong. Here's how to eat ramen correctly (slurping allowed!) from the chef behi...Mar 30, 2017 · Cut the eggs in half. Heat the broth and whisk the tare into it. Cook the noodles according to packet instructions. When the broth is steaming, divide the noodles between bowls and pour over the ... Ivan Ramen chronicles Orkin's journey from dyed-in-the-wool New Yorker to the chef and owner of one of Japan's most-loved ramen restaurants, Ivan Ramen. His passion for ramen is contagious, his story fascinating, and his recipes to-die-for, including the complete, detailed recipe for his signature Shio Ramen, master recipes for the fundamental ...Good to Know: Ivan Orkin was featured on Season Three of Netflix’s Chefs Table. Ivan Ramen is a unique ramen joint in New York City because it was founded by an American restaurateur. The owner of Ivan Ramen, Ivan Orkin, moved to Japan in the 1980’s where he fell in love with the culture and cuisine.Contact & Info. Hours & Location. About Us. . Press. Ivan's Story. Videos. NYC Clinton St. Book an Event. Reach Out. Careers. Menu. Shop. . Merch. Order …

The camera will pan majestically across “The Art of the Slurp,” Nathan Fox’s manga-style strip that hangs over the counter and starts with a fat boy in a …. Back to back sf

ivan ramen noodles

With a dedicated following at his two Tokyo locations, Orkin returned to New York City to open his first restaurant on the Lower East Side, with the intent of bringing the same authentic and highly imaginative noodle-craft to his hometown. Ivan Ramen proudly uses only the freshest ingredients, cooked slow and steady.Instructions. To your instant pot, add vegetable stock, soy sauce, sriracha, instant ramen noodle, broccoli florets. Lock and secure the lid of the IP and turn the valve to the seal position. Select manual or pressure cook and …Feb 17, 2017 · Ivan Orkin, the brash, white, Jewish guy from New York who made his name as one of the best ramen makers on the planet has an unorthodox story and, thus, an unorthodox Chef’s Table episode. That ... Ivan Orkin has a super interesting backstory. An American who moved to Japan and mastered the art of ramen, winning over Tokyoites to become one of the best ramen shops in Tokyo before doing it all again in New York. You can watch his story on series 3 of Chef’s Table on Netflix.The end-all-be-all guide to ramen featuring more than 40 recipes from Ivan Orkin, the iconoclastic New York-born owner of Tokyo's top ramen shop. While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen.Make the ramen broth: heat up the sesame oil in a dutch oven or pot over medium heat. Add in garlic, ginger and sautée briefly until it just starts to brown. Add in the tamari, vinegar and fish sauce and simmer for a minute or so. Add the …At Ivan Ramen, Orkin's hottest selection is the spicy red chile ramen. The crimson-hued broth is flavored with dashi and chicken broth , then filled with minced pork , rye noodles , and a smashed egg .“What Ivan Orkin does not know about noodles is not worth knowing.”—Anthony Bourdain While scores of people line up outside American ramen powerhouses like Momofuku Noodle Bar, chefs and food writers in the know revere Ivan Orkin's traditional Japanese take on ramen. Ivan Ramen chronicles Orkin's journey from …Ivan Orkin and his chefs indulge in all sorts of non-ramen fusion experiments at this fun, sunny noodle joint. 25 Clinton St., New York, NY, 10002. 646-678-3859.It's also fun to eat. Practiced ramen eaters rarelybreak stride: Suck a pile of noodles, slurp some soup, chew a piece of pork, lap upsome egg yolk, then start the process again. Before you know ...In the food-zealous, insular megalopolis of Tokyo, Ivan opened a ramen shop. He was a gaijin (foreigner), trying to make his name in a place that is fiercely opinionated about ramen. At first, customers came because they were curious, but word spread quickly about Ivan’s handmade noodles, clean and complex broth, and thoughtfully prepared ...The Clinton St. eatery, Ivan Ramen, will serve several variations on the noodle dish, but also small plates, when it opens in the coming weeks. Ivan Orkin stands outside in the terrace of his ...Atmosphere. Details. CUISINES. Japanese, Asian, Soups. Special Diets. Vegetarian Friendly, Vegan Options. Meals. Lunch, Dinner. View all details. …May 19, 2016 · Ivan Ramen's Ivan Orkin shows us how he makes ramen noodles from scratch. Enjoy this next installment of Taste Memories.Check out our website: http://www.mi... May 10, 2016 · Warm the meat mixture gently in a small pan. Have 2 warm bowls ready. Boil the noodles until just done. Shake off all excess water and drop noodles in the 2 bowls. Add 270 ml of piping hot soup to each bowl of noodles. Gently stir together with chopsticks. Divide the warm pork mixture on top of the two bowls of ramen. Jan 10, 2023 · Ivan Ramen also offers an impressive array of beverages to complete the dining experience. In addition to a standard wine and draft beer list, the selection of sake is unmatched. Ranging in price ... Japanese Ramen. Ramen is a Japanese dish consisting of noodles served in a meat or fish-based broth, often flavoured with soy sauce or miso, and uses toppings such as sliced pork, dried seaweed, menma, and boiled eggs. It is believed that ramen was first introduced to Japan by Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century..

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